Ryanair is an Irish ultra-low-cost airline headquartered in Swords, County Dublin, Ireland. Founded in 1984, it has grown to become the busiest airline in Europe by passenger numbers, operating hundreds of routes across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. The airline pioneered the no-frills, point-to-point model in Europe, offering base fares at minimal cost while generating revenue through ancillary charges such as priority boarding, checked baggage fees, and seat selection. This strategy transformed the European aviation market and forced legacy carriers to adapt their pricing structures. Ryanair operates primarily from secondary and regional airports, which allows the airline to negotiate lower landing fees and faster turnaround times. The carrier has faced periodic scrutiny over consumer rights and advertising practices, but continues to report strong passenger growth and profitability.